RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 High-throughput Production of Diverse Xenobiotic Metabolites with P450-transduced Huh7 Hepatoma Cell Lines
JF bioRxiv
FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
SP 2022.03.12.484071
DO 10.1101/2022.03.12.484071
A1 Choon-Myung Lee
A1 Ken H. Liu
A1 Grant Singer
A1 Gary W. Miller
A1 Shuzhao Li
A1 Dean P. Jones
A1 Edward T. Morgan
YR 2022
UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2022/03/14/2022.03.12.484071.abstract
AB Precision medicine requires methods to assess drug metabolism and distribution, including the identification of known and undocumented drug and chemical exposures as well as their metabolites. Recent work demonstrated high-throughput generation of xenobiotic metabolites with human liver S-9 fractions and detection in human plasma and urine. Here, we developed a panel of lentivirally transduced human hepatoma cell lines (Huh7) that stably express individual cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes and generate P450-specific xenobiotic metabolites. We verified protein expression by immunoblotting and demonstrated that the cell lines generate P450-specific metabolites from probe substrates. To increase analytical throughput, we used a pooling strategy where 36 chemicals were grouped into 12 unique mixtures, each mixture containing 6 randomly selected compounds, and each compound being present in two separate mixtures. Each mixture of compounds was incubated with 8 different P450 cell lines with cell extracts analyzed at 0 and 2 h. Extracts were analyzed using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. Cell lines selectively metabolized test substrates, with pazopanib metabolized by CYP3A4 and CYP2C8 cells, bupropion by CYP2B6, and β-naphthoflavone by CYP1A2 for example, showing substrate-enzyme specificity. Predicted metabolites from the remaining 33 compounds as well as many unidentified m/z features were detected. We also show that a specific metabolite generated by CYP2B6 cells, but not detected in the S9 system, was identified in human samples. Our data show that incubating these cell lines with chemical mixtures accelerated characterization of xenobiotic chemical space, while simultaneously allowing for the contributions of specific P450 enzymes to be identified.Significance statement High resolution mass spectrometry enables the identification of exposures to drugs and other xenobiotics in human samples. This paper demonstrates a workflow for high throughput production of xenobiotic metabolites using a panel of engineered cytochrome P450-expressing hepatoma cells. Active substrate-enzyme pairs can be identified using this workflow and generated metabolites can be used as surrogate standards to validate xenobiotic detection in humans.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.ACNacetonitrileβ-NFβ-naphthoflavoneC18reverse phase chromatographyCLZchlorzoxazoneDMEMDulbecco’s Modified Eagle MediumESIelectrospray ionizationG418GeneticinHILIChydrophilic interaction liquid chromatographyHRMShigh resolution mass spectrometryLCliquid chromatographyP450cytochrome P450PSpenicillin/streptomycinRTretention time