TY - JOUR T1 - Hunter-gatherer oral microbiomes are shaped by contact network structure JF - bioRxiv DO - 10.1101/2022.05.03.489993 SP - 2022.05.03.489993 AU - Federico Musciotto AU - BegoƱa Dobon AU - Michael Greenacre AU - Alex Mira AU - Abigail E. Page AU - Mark Dyble AU - Sylvain Viguier AU - Daniel Smith AU - Nikhil Chaudhary AU - Gul Deniz Salali AU - Pascale Gerbault AU - Rodolph Schlaepfer AU - Leonora H. Astete AU - Marilyn Ngales AU - Jesus Gomez-Gardenes AU - Vito Latora AU - Federico Battiston AU - Jaume Bertranpetit AU - Lucio Vinicius AU - Andrea Bamberg Migliano Y1 - 2022/01/01 UR - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2022/05/03/2022.05.03.489993.abstract N2 - Ancestral humans evolved a complex social structure still observed in extant hunter-gatherers. Here we investigate the effects of extensive sociality and mobility on the oral microbiome of 138 Agta hunter-gatherers from the Philippines. Comparisons of microbiome composition showed that the Agta are more similar to Central African Bayaka hunter-gatherers than to neighboring farmers. We also defined the Agta social microbiome as a set of 137 oral bacteria (only 7% of 1980 amplicon sequence variants) significantly influenced by social contact (quantified through wireless sensors of short-range interactions). We show that interaction networks covering large areas, and their strong links between close kin, spouses, and even unrelated friends, can significantly predict bacterial transmission networks across Agta camps. Finally, more central individuals to social networks are also bacterial supersharers. We conclude that hunter-gatherer social microbiomes, which are predominantly pathogenic, were shaped by evolutionary tradeoffs between extensive sociality and disease spread.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest. ER -