TY - JOUR T1 - A distal enhancer is required for <em>TNF</em> gene transcription in human macrophages in response to TLR3 stimulation JF - bioRxiv DO - 10.1101/2022.06.13.496019 SP - 2022.06.13.496019 AU - Junfeng Gao AU - Yapeng Li AU - Dianzheng Zhao AU - Xiaoyu Guan AU - Hong Wei Chu AU - Hua Huang Y1 - 2022/01/01 UR - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2022/06/15/2022.06.13.496019.abstract N2 - Macrophages play a critical role in inflammatory responses during infections. Activated macrophages by infections through stimulation of TLRs expressed their cell surface produce pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF. However, distal enhancers that regulate TNF gene transcription in human macrophages have not been investigated. In this study, we identified the five putative TNF enhancers using H3K27ac ChIP-seq and ATAC-seq. We showed proximal enhancer (PE), E-16.0, and E-6.5 possessed enhancer activity in a reporter gene assay. Deletion of the distal TNF E-16.0 enhancer resulted in 73% reduction in TNF gene transcription in human macrophage cell line THP-1 in response to ploy(I:C) stimulation. Our study identifies a novel distal enhancer that regulates TNF gene transcription in human macrophages.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest. ER -