TY - JOUR T1 - Neural underpinnings of action adaptation in the subthalamic nucleus JF - bioRxiv DO - 10.1101/2022.06.28.497904 SP - 2022.06.28.497904 AU - Damian M. Herz AU - Manuel Bange AU - Gabriel Gonzalez-Escamilla AU - Miriam Auer AU - Muthuraman Muthuraman AU - Rafal Bogacz AU - Sergiu Groppa AU - Peter Brown Y1 - 2022/01/01 UR - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2022/07/01/2022.06.28.497904.abstract N2 - Adapting our actions to changing goals and environments is central to intelligent behavior. There is substantial evidence that the basal ganglia play a crucial role in reinforcing actions that have led to favorable outcomes. However, little is known about the neural mechanisms underlying action adaptation following unfavorable outcomes when change is warranted. Here, we recorded electrophysiological activity and applied bursts of electrical stimulation to the subthalamic nucleus (STN), a core area of the basal ganglia, in patients with Parkinson’s disease using deep brain stimulation electrodes. During a task where patients continuously had to adapt their force depending on changing action-value associations, decreases in STN beta (13-30 Hz) activity in two critical time windows were associated with poorer outcomes and stronger action adaptation. STN stimulation reduced beta activity and led to stronger action adaptation if applied within the time windows when STN activity reflected action evaluation and adaptation. These results suggest that dynamic modulation of STN activity facilitates adaptive behavior.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest. ER -