RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Building an Open Representation for Biological Protocols JF bioRxiv FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory SP 2022.07.05.498808 DO 10.1101/2022.07.05.498808 A1 Bartley, Bryan A1 Beal, Jacob A1 Rogers, Miles A1 Bryce, Daniel A1 Goldman, Robert P. A1 Keller, Benjamin A1 Lee, Peter A1 Biggers, Vanessa A1 Nowak, Joshua A1 Weston, Mark YR 2022 UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2022/07/08/2022.07.05.498808.abstract AB Laboratory protocols are critical to biological research and development, yet difficult to communicate and reproduce across projects, investigators, and organizations. While many attempts have been made to address this challenge, there is currently no available protocol representation that is unambiguous enough for precise interpretation and automation, yet simultaneously abstract enough to enable reuse and adaptation. The Protocol Activity Markup Language (PAML) is a free and open protocol representation aiming to address this gap, building on a foundation of UML, Autoprotocol, and SBOL RDF. PAML provides a representation both for protocols and for records of their execution and the resulting data, as well as a framework for exporting from PAML for execution by either humans or laboratory automation. PAML is currently implemented in the form of an RDF knowledge representation, specification document, and Python library, can be exported for execution as either a manual “paper protocol” or Autoprotocol, and is being further developed as an open community effort.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.