PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Guo Chen AU - Linli Shi AU - Lu Lan AU - Runyu Wang AU - Yueming Li AU - Zhiyi Du AU - Mackenzie Hyman AU - Ji-Xin Cheng AU - Chen Yang TI - High-precision neural stimulation by a highly efficient candle soot fiber optoacoustic emitter AID - 10.1101/2022.07.30.502146 DP - 2022 Jan 01 TA - bioRxiv PG - 2022.07.30.502146 4099 - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2022/08/02/2022.07.30.502146.short 4100 - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2022/08/02/2022.07.30.502146.full AB - Highly precise neuromodulation with a high efficacy poses great importance in neuroscience. Here, we developed a candle soot fiber optoacoustic emitter (CSFOE), capable of generating a high pressure of over 10 MPa, enabling highly efficient neuromodulation in vitro. The design of the fiber optoacoustic emitter, including the choice of the material and the thickness of the layered structure, was optimized in both simulations and experiments. The optoacoustic conversion efficiency of the optimized CSFOE was found to be ten times higher than the other carbon-based fiber optoacoustic emitters. Driven by a single laser, the CSFOE can perform dual-site optoacoustic activation of neurons, confirmed by calcium (Ca) imaging. Our work opens potential avenues for more complex and programmed control in neural circuits using a simple design for multisite neuromodulation in vivo.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.