RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Reward prediction error neurons implement an efficient code for reward JF bioRxiv FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory SP 2022.11.03.515104 DO 10.1101/2022.11.03.515104 A1 Kim, Dongjae A1 Schütt, Heiko H. A1 Ma, Wei Ji YR 2022 UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2022/11/04/2022.11.03.515104.abstract AB We apply efficient coding principles to derive the optimal population of neurons to encode rewards from a distribution. Similar to this optimal population, dopaminergic reward prediction error neurons have a broad distribution of optimistically placed thresholds, neurons with higher thresholds have higher gain and the curvature of their responses depends on the threshold. Thus, these neurons may broadcast an efficient reward signal, not necessarily a reward prediction error.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.