PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Jennifer Y. Li AU - Lindsey L. Glickfeld TI - Input-specific synaptic depression shapes temporal integration in mouse visual cortex AID - 10.1101/2023.01.30.526211 DP - 2023 Jan 01 TA - bioRxiv PG - 2023.01.30.526211 4099 - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2023/02/01/2023.01.30.526211.short 4100 - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2023/02/01/2023.01.30.526211.full AB - Efficient sensory processing requires the nervous system to adjust to ongoing features of the environment. In primary visual cortex (V1), neuronal activity strongly depends on recent stimulus history. Existing models can explain effects of prolonged stimulus presentation, but remain insufficient for explaining effects observed after shorter durations commonly encountered under natural conditions. We investigated the mechanisms driving adaptation in response to brief (100 ms) stimuli in L2/3 V1 neurons by performing in vivo whole-cell recordings to measure membrane potential and synaptic inputs. We find that rapid adaptation is generated by stimulus-specific suppression of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs. Targeted optogenetic experiments reveal that these synaptic effects are due to input-specific short-term depression of transmission between layers 4 and 2/3. Thus, distinct mechanisms are engaged following brief and prolonged stimulus presentation and together enable flexible control of sensory encoding across a wide range of time scales.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.