PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Kaia J. Tombak
AU  - Severine B. S. W. Hex
AU  - Daniel I. Rubenstein
TI  - New estimates indicate that males are not larger than females in most mammals
AID  - 10.1101/2023.02.23.529628
DP  - 2023 Jan 01
TA  - bioRxiv
PG  - 2023.02.23.529628
4099  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2023/02/23/2023.02.23.529628.short
4100  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2023/02/23/2023.02.23.529628.full
AB  - Sexual size dimorphism (SSD) has motivated a large body of research on mammalian mating strategies and sexual selection. Despite some contrary evidence, the narrative that larger males are the norm in mammals – upheld since Darwin’s Descent of Man – still dominates today, supported by meta-analyses that use crude measures of dimorphism and taxonomically-biased data. With newly-available datasets and primary sources reporting sex-segregated means and variances in adult body mass, we estimated statistically-determined rates of SSD in mammals, sampling taxa by their species richness at the family level. Our analyses of >400 species indicate that although males tend to be larger than females when dimorphism occurs, males are not larger in most mammals, and suggest a need to revisit other assumptions in sexual selection research.One-Sentence Summary Taxonomically-balanced estimates of rates of sexual size dimorphism in mammals refute the ‘larger males’ narrative.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.