RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Non-pathogenic leaf-colonising bacteria elicit pathogen-like responses in a colonisation density-dependent manner
JF bioRxiv
FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
SP 2023.05.04.539505
DO 10.1101/2023.05.04.539505
A1 Miebach, Moritz
A1 Faivre, Léa
A1 Schubert, Daniel
A1 Jameson, Paula
A1 Remus-Emsermann, Mitja
YR 2023
UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2023/05/16/2023.05.04.539505.abstract
AB Leaves are colonised by a complex mix of microbes, termed the leaf microbiota. Even though the leaf microbiota is increasingly recognised as an integral part of plant life and health, our understanding of its interactions with the plant host is still limited. Here, mature, axenically grown Arabidopsis thaliana plants were spray-inoculated with six diverse leaf-colonising bacteria. The transcriptomic changes in leaves were tracked over time and significant changes in ethylene marker (ARL2) expression were observed only two to four days after spray-inoculation. Whole transcriptome sequencing revealed that four days after inoculation, leaf transcriptional changes to colonisation by non-pathogenic and pathogenic bacteria differed in strength but not in the type of response. Inoculation of plants with different densities of the non-pathogenic bacterium Williamsia sp. Leaf354 showed that high bacterial titers caused disease phenotypes and led to severe transcriptional reprogramming with a strong focus on plant defence. An in silico epigenetic analysis of the data was congruent with the transcriptomic analysis. These findings suggest (1) that plant responses are not rapid after spray-inoculation, (2) that plant responses only differ in strength and (3) that plants respond to high titers of non-pathogenic bacteria with pathogen-like responses.Plain Language Summary Plants are colonised by diverse bacteria affecting many aspects of plant life. Here we show that plants do not differentiate between different bacteria but measure their quantities to keep bacterial numbers in check.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.