TY - JOUR T1 - Parallel ancient genomic transects reveal complex population history of early European farmers JF - bioRxiv DO - 10.1101/114488 SP - 114488 AU - Mark Lipson AU - Anna Szécsényi-Nagy AU - Swapan Mallick AU - Annamária Pósa AU - Balázs Stégmár AU - Victoria Keerl AU - Nadin Rohland AU - Kristin Stewardson AU - Matthew Ferry AU - Megan Michel AU - Jonas Oppenheimer AU - Nasreen Broomandkhoshbacht AU - Eadaoin Harney AU - Susanne Nordenfelt AU - Bastien Llamas AU - Balázs Gusztáv Mende AU - Kitti Köhler AU - Krisztián Oross AU - Mária Bondár AU - Tibor Marton AU - Anett Osztás AU - János Jakucs AU - Tibor Paluch AU - Ferenc Horváth AU - Piroska Csengeri AU - Judit Koós AU - Katalin Sebők AU - Alexandra Anders AU - Pál Raczky AU - Judit Regenye AU - Judit P. Barna AU - Szilvia Fábián AU - Gábor Serlegi AU - Zoltán Toldi AU - Emese Gyöngyvér Nagy AU - János Dani AU - Erika Molnár AU - György Pálfi AU - Lászlò Márk AU - Béla Melegh AU - Zsolt Bánfai AU - Javier Fernández-Eraso AU - José Antonio Mujika-Alustiza AU - Carmen Alonso Fernández AU - Javier Jiménez Echevarría AU - Ruth Bollongino AU - Jörg Orschiedt AU - Kerstin Schierhold AU - Harald Meller AU - Alan Cooper AU - Joachim Burger AU - Eszter Bánffy AU - Kurt W. Alt AU - Carles Lalueza-Fox AU - Wolfgang Haak AU - David Reich Y1 - 2017/01/01 UR - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2017/03/06/114488.abstract N2 - Ancient DNA studies have established that European Neolithic populations were descended from Anatolian migrants who received a limited amount of admixture from resident hunter-gatherers. Many open questions remain, however, about the spatial and temporal dynamics of population interactions and admixture during the Neolithic period. Using the highest-resolution genomewide ancient DNA data set assembled to date—a total of 177 samples, 127 newly reported here, from the Neolithic and Chalcolithic of Hungary (6000–2900 BCE, n = 98), Germany (5500–3000 BCE, n = 42), and Spain (5500–2200 BCE, n = 37)—we investigate the population dynamics of Neolithization across Europe. We find that genetic diversity was shaped predominantly by local processes, with varied sources and proportions of hunter-gatherer ancestry among the three regions and through time. Admixture between groups with different ancestry profiles was pervasive and resulted in observable population transformation across almost all cultural transitions. Our results shed new light on the ways that gene flow reshaped European populations throughout the Neolithic period and demonstrate the potential of time-series-based sampling and modeling approaches to elucidate multiple dimensions of historical population interactions. ER -