PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Gibbons, Matilda
AU  - Pasquini, Elisa
AU  - Kowalewska, Amelia
AU  - Read, Eva
AU  - Gibson, Sam
AU  - Crump, Andrew
AU  - Solvi, Cwyn
AU  - Versace, Elisabetta
AU  - Chittka, Lars
TI  - Noxious stimulation induces self-protective behaviour in bumblebees
AID  - 10.1101/2024.01.15.575734
DP  - 2024 Jan 01
TA  - bioRxiv
PG  - 2024.01.15.575734
4099  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2024/01/16/2024.01.15.575734.short
4100  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2024/01/16/2024.01.15.575734.full
AB  - Self-grooming directed towards a noxiously-stimulated body part is one indicator that an animal may feel pain. In insects, the lack of evidence for such behaviour has been widely argued to reflect the absence of pain experiences. Here, we tested whether bumblebees (Bombus terrestris) selectively groom one of their antennae that was touched with a noxiously-heated (65 □C) probe. In the first two minutes after being touched with the noxiously-heated probe, bees groomed their touched antenna a) more than their untouched antenna, b) more than bees that were touched on the antenna with an unheated probe, and c) more than control (untouched) bees groomed either of their antennae. Our results clearly show that bumblebees can direct grooming towards a site of noxious stimulation. Our findings thus refute arguments that claim that insects do not feel pain because of their lack of displaying this behaviour.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.