RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Dorsoventral comparison of intraspecific polymorphisms in the butterfly wing pattern using a convolutional neural network
JF bioRxiv
FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
SP 2024.08.01.606114
DO 10.1101/2024.08.01.606114
A1 Amino, Kai
A1 Hirakasa, Tsubasa
A1 Yago, Masaya
A1 Matsuo, Takashi
YR 2024
UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2024/08/06/2024.08.01.606114.abstract
AB Butterfly wing patterns exhibit notable differences between the dorsal and ventral surfaces, and morphological analyses of them have provided insights into the ecological and behavioural characteristics of wing colour patterns. Conventional methods for dorsoventral comparisons are constrained by the need for homologous patches or shared features between two surfaces, limiting their applicability across species. We used a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based analysis, which can compare images of the dorsal and ventral surfaces without focusing on homologous patches or features, to detect dorsoventral bias in intraspecific polymorphisms such as sexual dimorphism (SD) and female-limited mimetic polymorphism (FMP). Using specimen images of 29 butterfly species from the Yaeyama Islands, Japan, we first showed that the level of SD calculated by CNN-based analysis corresponded well with traditional assessments of SD, demonstrating the validity of the method. Dorsoventral biases were widely detected, particularly in SD, which tended to bias dorsally. This supports the conventional hypothesis that sexual selection acts more strongly on the dorsal surface. In contrast, the FMP analysis showed no significant bias. Our findings highlight CNN-based analysis as a versatile technique for dorsoventral comparisons, suggesting that broader species sampling could reveal general patterns of selection acting differentially on the two surfaces.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.