RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Impact of biosolids amendment on the soil resistome and microbiome – a greenhouse study JF bioRxiv FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory SP 2024.09.30.615847 DO 10.1101/2024.09.30.615847 A1 Marie, John Ste. A1 Mays, Catherine A1 Guo, Bing A1 Radniecki, Tyler S. A1 Waite-Cusic, Joy A1 Navab-Daneshmand, Tala YR 2024 UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2024/09/30/2024.09.30.615847.abstract AB The spread of antibiotic resistance poses a significant challenge to public health worldwide. Wastewater treatment utilities are reservoirs of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). This study investigates the impact of biosolids amendment on the soil microbiome, resistome, virulence factors, and ESKAPE pathogens during carrot cultivation in a replicated greenhouse study. Metagenomic sequencing revealed that biosolids amendment increased the richness of microbial genera, ARGs, and virulence factors in soil. The relative abundance of ESKAPE pathogens, including Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumanii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp., was notably higher in biosolids-amended soils. These pathogens persisted throughout the 11-week cultivation period, raising concerns about the potential for horizontal gene transfer and the spread of antibiotic resistance. The study also identified significant co-occurrences between microbial genera and ARGs, which can suggest the possibility of the microbial taxa harboring the co-occurring ARGs. These findings highlight the importance of continued research and monitoring to ensure the safe and effective use of biosolids in agriculture.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.