PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - David Rotermund
AU  - Udo A. Ernst
AU  - Klaus R. Pawelzik
TI  - Open Hardware for neuro-prosthesis research: A study about a closed-loop multi-channel system for electrical surface stimulations and measurements
AID  - 10.1101/141184
DP  - 2017 Jan 01
TA  - bioRxiv
PG  - 141184
4099  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2017/05/23/141184.short
4100  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2017/05/23/141184.full
AB  - Recent progress in neuro-prosthetic technology gives rise to the hope that in the future blind people might regain some degree of visual perception. It was shown that electrically stimulating the brain can be used to produce simple visual impressions of light blobs (phosphenes). However, this perception is very far away from natural sight. For developing the next generation of visual prostheses, real-time closed-loop stimulators which measure the actual neuronal activities and on this basis determine the required stimulation pattern. This leads to the challenge to design a system that can produce arbitrary stimulation-patterns with up to ±70V and with up to 25mA while measuring neuronal signals with amplitudes in the order of mV. Furthermore, the interruption of the measurement by stimulation must be as short as possible and the system needs to scale to hundreds of electrodes. We discuss how such a system and especially its current pumps and input protection need to be designed and which problems arise. We condense our findings into an example design for which we provide all design files (boards, firmwares and software) as open-source. This is a first step in taking the existing open-source www.open-ephys.org recording system and converting it into a closed-loop experimental setup for neuro-prosthetic research.