PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Leonardo A. Saravia
AU  - Santiago R. Doyle
AU  - Benjamin Bond-Lamberty
TI  - Critical transitions and the fragmenting of global forests
AID  - 10.1101/091751
DP  - 2017 Jan 01
TA  - bioRxiv
PG  - 091751
4099  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2017/06/10/091751.short
4100  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2017/06/10/091751.full
AB  - Forests provide critical habitat for many species, essential ecosystem services, and are coupled to atmospheric dynamics through exchanges of energy, water and gases. One of the most important changes produced in the biosphere is the replacement of forest areas with human dominated landscapes. This usually leads to fragmentation, altering the sizes of patches, the structure and function of the forest. Here we studied the distribution and dynamics of forest patch sizes at a global level, examining signals of a critical transition from an unfragmented to a fragmented state.We used MODIS vegetation continuous field to estimate the forest patches at a global level and defined wide regions of connected forest across continents and big islands. We search for critical phase transitions, where the system state of the forest changes suddenly at a critical point in time; this implies an abrupt change in connectivity that causes an increased fragmentation level. We studied the distribution of forest patch sizes and the dynamics of the largest patch over the last fourteen years, as the conditions that indicate that a region is near a critical fragmentation threshold are related to patch size distribution and temporal fluctuations of the largest patch.We found some evidence that allows us to analyze fragmentation as a critical transition: most regions followed a power-law distribution over the 14 years. We also found that the Philippines region probably went through a critical transition from a fragmented to an unfragmented state. Only the tropical forest of Africa and South America met the criteria to be near a critical fragmentation threshold.This implies that human pressures and climate forcings might trigger undesired effects of fragmentation, such as species loss and degradation of ecosystems services, in these regions. The simple criteria proposed here could be used as an early warning to estimate the distance to a fragmentation threshold in forest around the globe and a predictor of a planetary tipping point.