TY - JOUR T1 - Soluble Syntaxin 3 Functions as a Transcription Regulator JF - bioRxiv DO - 10.1101/162958 SP - 162958 AU - Adrian J. Giovannone AU - Christine Winterstein AU - Pallavi Bhattaram AU - Elena Reales AU - Seng Hui Low AU - Julie E. Baggs AU - Mimi Xu AU - Matthew A. Lalli AU - John B. Hogenesch AU - Thomas Weimbs Y1 - 2017/01/01 UR - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2017/07/13/162958.abstract N2 - Syntaxins -a conserved family of SNARE proteins - contain C-terminal transmembrane anchors required for their membrane fusion activity. Here we show that syntaxin 3 (Stx3) unexpectedly also functions as a nuclear regulator of gene expression. Alternative splicing leads to a soluble isoform, termed Stx3S, lacking the transmembrane anchor. Soluble Stx3S binds to the nuclear import factor RanBP5, targets to the nucleus and interacts physically and functionally with several transcription factors, including ETV4 and ATF2. Stx3S is differentially expressed in normal human tissues, during epithelial cell polarization, and in breast cancer vs. normal breast tissue. Inhibition of endogenous Stx3S expression leads to changes in the expression of cancer-associated genes and promotes cell proliferation. Similar nuclear-targeted, soluble forms of other syntaxins were identified suggesting that nuclear signaling is a conserved, novel function common among these membrane trafficking proteins. ER -