RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 The first near-complete assembly of the hexaploid bread wheat genome, Triticum aestivum JF bioRxiv FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory SP 159111 DO 10.1101/159111 A1 Aleksey V. Zimin A1 Daniela Puiu A1 Richard Hall A1 Sarah Kingan A1 Bernardo J. Clavijo A1 Steven L. Salzberg YR 2017 UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2017/07/26/159111.abstract AB Common bread wheat, Triticum aestivum, has one of the most complex genomes known to science, with 6 copies of each chromosome, enormous numbers of near-identical sequences scattered throughout, and an overall size of more than 15 billion bases. Multiple past attempts to assemble the genome have failed. Here we report the first successful assembly of T. aestivum, using deep sequencing coverage from a combination of short Illumina reads and very long Pacific Biosciences reads. The final assembly contains 15,344,693,583 bases and has a weighted average (N50) contig size of of 232,659 bases. This represents by far the most complete and contiguous assembly of the wheat genome to date, providing a strong foundation for future genetic studies of this important food crop. We also report how we used the recently published genome of Aegilops tauschii, the diploid ancestor of the wheat D genome, to identify 4,179,762,575 bp of T. aestivum that correspond to its D genome components.