RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 A plant receptor-like kinase promotes cell-to-cell spread of RNAi and is targeted by a virus JF bioRxiv FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory SP 180380 DO 10.1101/180380 A1 Tabata Rosas-Diaz A1 Dan Zhang A1 Pengfei Fan A1 Liping Wang A1 Xue Ding A1 Yuli Jiang A1 Tamara Jimenez-Gongora A1 Laura Medina-Puche A1 Xinyan Zhao A1 Zhengyan Feng A1 Guiping Zhang A1 Xiaokun Liu A1 Eduardo R Bejarano A1 Li Tan A1 Jian-Kang Zhu A1 Weiman Xing A1 Christine Faulkner A1 Shingo Nagawa A1 Rosa Lozano-Duran YR 2017 UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2017/08/24/180380.abstract AB RNA interference (RNAi) in plants can move from cell to cell, allowing for systemic spread of an anti-viral immune response. How this cell-to-cell spread of silencing is regulated is currently unknown. Here, we describe that the C4 protein from Tomato yellow leaf curl virus has the ability to inhibit the intercellular spread of RNAi. Using this viral protein as a probe, we have identified the receptor-like kinase (RLK) BARELY ANY MERISTEM 1 (BAM1) as a positive regulator of the cell-to-cell movement of RNAi, and determined that BAM1 and its closest homologue, BAM2, play a redundant role in this process. C4 interacts with the intracellular domain of BAM1 and BAM2 at the plasma membrane and plasmodesmata, the cytoplasmic connections between plant cells, interfering with the function of these RLKs in the cell-to-cell spread of RNAi. Our results identify BAM1 as an element required for the cell-to-cell spread of RNAi and highlight that signalling components have been co-opted to play multiple functions in plants.