TY - JOUR T1 - Dynamic chromosome rearrangements of the white-spotted bamboo shark shed light on cartilaginous fish diversification mechanisms JF - bioRxiv DO - 10.1101/602136 SP - 602136 AU - Yaolei Zhang AU - Haoyang Gao AU - Hanbo Li AU - Jiao Guo AU - Meiniang Wang AU - Qiwu Xu AU - Jiahao Wang AU - Meiqi Lv AU - Xinyu Guo AU - Qun Liu AU - Likun Wei AU - Han Ren AU - Yang Xi AU - Yang Guo AU - Qian Zhao AU - Shanshan Pan AU - Chuxin Liu AU - Liping Sang AU - Xiaoyan Ding AU - Chen Wang AU - Haitao Xiang AU - Yue Song AU - Yujie Liu AU - Shanshan Liu AU - Yuan Jiang AU - Changwei Shao AU - Jiahai Shi AU - Shiping Liu AU - Jamal S. M. Sabir AU - Mumdooh J. Sabir AU - Muhummadh Khan AU - Nahid H. Hajrah AU - Simon Ming-Yuen Lee AU - Xun Xu AU - Huanming Yang AU - Jian Wang AU - Guangyi Fan AU - Naibo Yang AU - Xin Liu Y1 - 2019/01/01 UR - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2019/04/08/602136.abstract N2 - Cartilaginous fishes have a very high phenotypical diversity, a phenomenon for which the mechanisms have been largely unexplored. Here, we report the genome of the white-spotted bamboo shark as the first chromosome-level genome assembly of cartilaginous fish. Using this genome, we illustrated a dynamic chromosome rearrangement process in the bamboo shark, which resulted in the formation of 13 chromosomes, all of which were sparsely distributed with conserved genes and fast-evolving. We found the fast-evolving chromosomes to be enriched in immune-related genes with two chromosomes harboring the major genes for developing the single-chain antibody. We also found chromosome rearrangements to have resulted in the loss of two genes (p2rx3 and p2rx5) which we also showed were involved in cartilage development using a CRISPR/Cas9 approach in zebrafish. Our study highlighted the significance of chromosome rearrangements in the phenotypical evolution of cartilaginous fishes, providing clues to inform further studies on mechanisms for fish diversification. ER -