TY - JOUR T1 - Electrophysiological indices reflect switches between Bayesian and heuristic strategies in perceptual learning JF - bioRxiv DO - 10.1101/183665 SP - 183665 AU - Daniel Bennett AU - Karen Sasmita AU - Carsten Murawski AU - Stefan Bode Y1 - 2017/01/01 UR - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2017/09/01/183665.abstract N2 - Given finite cognitive resources, agents should allocate these to maximise desirable outcomes while minimising cognitive effort. This trade-off has often been studied as a competition between Bayesian inference and ‘fast-and-frugal’ heuristic strategies. An important open question in this regard is whether utilisation of Bayesian inference is dependent upon motivational state, and how this is reflected in the brain. We recorded electroencephalography from 23 participants performing a perceptual learning task with both monetary and a non-monetary instructive feedback conditions. Using model-based cluster analysis, we found that only participants who switched between a Bayesian and a heuristic strategy showed worse performance for instructive than monetary feedback, whereas participants who consistently employed Bayesian inference showed equivalent performance in both feedback conditions. This pattern of behavioural results was mirrored by differences in neural encoding of feedback in two event-related potential components: the P3, and the late positive potential. These findings suggest that use of Bayesian inference in perceptual learning may depend on motivational state. ER -