PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Seyed Mohammad Hashem Dakhteh
AU  - Sharif Ranjbar
AU  - Mostafa Moazeni
AU  - Nazanin Mohsenian
AU  - Hossein Delshab
AU  - Hamed Moshiri
AU  - Seyed Mohammad B. Nabavi
AU  - Koen Van Waerebeek
TI  - Humpback whales of the Persian Gulf
AID  - 10.1101/185033
DP  - 2017 Jan 01
TA  - bioRxiv
PG  - 185033
4099  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2017/09/06/185033.short
4100  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2017/09/06/185033.full
AB  - The humpback whale has long been considered a rare straggler into the Persian Gulf, however new evidence contradicts this concept. We here critically review published and new records for Megaptera novaeangliae occurrence in the Gulf for the period 1883-2017. Of eight authenticated records (6 specimens, 2 live-sightings), seven are contemporary cases while one is a mid-Holocene specimen from UAE. An additional four are possible but unsubstantiated reports. Four regional, current, range states are confirmed, i.e. Iran, Iraq, Kuwait and Qatar. Four of the five newly reported cases are from Iran’s coastal waters. We conclude that the Persian Gulf is part of the habitual range of the Arabian Sea humpback whale population, and has been since at least the mid-Holocene. It is unknown whether frequent passage occurs through the Strait of Hormuz or whether whales are (semi)resident. The low abundance of this endangered population and frequent deleterious anthropogenic events, particularly ship strikes and net entanglements, are cause for major concern. In view of its historical and taxonomic relevance, the formal description of Megaptera indica Gervais, 1883, from Iraq, now thought to be a subspecies M. novaeangliae indica, is here translated from French.