RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Targeted Nanopore Sequencing with Cas9 for studies of methylation, structural variants and mutations
JF bioRxiv
FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
SP 604173
DO 10.1101/604173
A1 Timothy Gilpatrick
A1 Isac Lee
A1 James E. Graham
A1 Etienne Raimondeau
A1 Rebecca Bowen
A1 Andrew Heron
A1 Frite J Sedlazeck
A1 Winston Timp
YR 2019
UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2019/04/11/604173.abstract
AB Nanopore sequencing technology offers a significant advancement through its ability to rapidly and directly interrogate native DNA molecules. Often we are interested only in interrogating specific areas at high depth, but this has proved challenging for long read sequencing with conventional enrichment methods1. Existing strategies are currently limited by high input DNA requirements, low yield, short (<5kb) reads, time-intensive protocols, and/or amplification or cloning (losing base modification information). In this paper, we describe a technique utilizing the ability of Cas9 to introduce cuts at specific locations and ligating nanopore sequencing adaptors directly to those sites, a method we term ‘nanopore Cas9 Targeted-Sequencing’ (nCATS).We have demonstrated the ability of this method to generate median 165X coverage at 10 genomic loci with a median length of 18kb from a single flow cell, which represents a several hundred fold improvement over the 2-3X coverage achieved without enrichment. Using a panel of guide RNAs, we show that the high coverage data from this method enables us to (1) profile DNA methylation patterns at cancer driver genes, (2) detect structural variations at known hot spots, and (3) survey for the presence of single nucleotide mutations. Together, this provides a low-cost method that can be applied even in low resource settings to directly examine cellular DNA. This technique has extensive clinical applications for assessing medically relevant genes and has the versatility to be a rapid and comprehensive diagnostic tool. We demonstrate applications of this technique by examining the well characterized GM12878 cell line as well as three breast cell lines (MCF-10A, MCF-7, MDA-MB-231) with varying tumorigenic potential as a model for cancer.