PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Kiryl D. Piatkevich
AU  - Seth Bensussen
AU  - Hua-an Tseng
AU  - Sanaya N. Shroff
AU  - Violeta Gisselle Lopez-Huerta
AU  - Demian Park
AU  - Erica E. Jung
AU  - Or A. Shemesh
AU  - Christoph Straub
AU  - Howard J. Gritton
AU  - Michael F. Romano
AU  - Emma Costa
AU  - Bernardo L. Sabatini
AU  - Zhanyan Fu
AU  - Edward S. Boyden
AU  - Xue Han
TI  - Population imaging of neural activity in awake behaving mice in multiple brain regions
AID  - 10.1101/616094
DP  - 2019 Jan 01
TA  - bioRxiv
PG  - 616094
4099  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2019/04/23/616094.short
4100  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2019/04/23/616094.full
AB  - A longstanding goal in neuroscience has been to image membrane voltage, with high temporal precision and sensitivity, in awake behaving mammals. Here, we report a genetically encoded voltage indicator, SomArchon, which exhibits millisecond response times and compatibility with optogenetic control, and which increases the sensitivity, signal-to-noise ratio, and number of neurons observable, by manyfold over previous reagents. SomArchon only requires conventional one-photon microscopy to achieve these high performance characteristics. These improvements enable population analysis of neural activity, both at the subthreshold and spiking levels, in multiple brain regions – cortex, hippocampus, and striatum – of awake behaving mice. Using SomArchon, we detect both positive and negative responses of striatal neurons during movement, highlighting the power of voltage imaging to reveal bidirectional modulation. We also examine how the intracellular subthreshold theta oscillations of hippocampal neurons govern spike output, finding that nearby cells can exhibit highly correlated subthreshold activities, even as they generate highly divergent spiking patterns.