PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Sudarshan A. Shetty
AU  - Rahul Bodkhe
AU  - Dhiraj P. Dhotre
AU  - Anil K. Verma
AU  - Khushbo Bhatia
AU  - Asha Mishra
AU  - Gurvinder Kaur
AU  - Pranav Pande
AU  - Dhinoth K. Bangarusamy
AU  - Beena P. Santosh
AU  - Rajadurai C. Perumal
AU  - Vineet Ahuja
AU  - Yogesh S. Shouche
AU  - Govind K. Makharia
TI  - Comparison of Small Gut and Whole Gut Microbiota of First-Degree Relatives with Adult Patients with Celiac Disease and Controls
AID  - 10.1101/227272
DP  - 2017 Jan 01
TA  - bioRxiv
PG  - 227272
4099  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2017/12/06/227272.short
4100  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2017/12/06/227272.full
AB  - Objectives: Gut microbiota gets altered in patients with celiac disease (CeD) and whether these microbiota changes are the cause or effect of the disease is not well understood to date. The first degree relatives (FDRs) of CeD patients are genetically susceptible and may represent a pre-diseased state. Therefore, understanding differences in duodenal and faecal microbiota composition between the FDR and CeD subjects is of interest. To investigate this, we characterised the microbiota in duodenal biopsies and faeces of CeD patients (n = 23), FDRs (n = 15) and control subjects (DC, n= 24) by 16S rRNA gene sequencing.Results: Duodenal biopsies showed more diverse pattern in microbial community composition and structure than faecal samples. In duodenal biopsies, 52 OTUs and 41 OTUs were differentially abundant between the FDR and DC group, and between the FDR and CeD group respectively (P < 0.01). In faecal samples, 30 OTUs were differentially abundant between FDR and DC, and 81 between FDR and CeD (P < 0.01). Predicted metagenomes from duodenal microbiomes of FDR and CeD showed a lower genetic potential for metabolizing gluten as compared to controls.Conclusions: The microbial communities of FDR and CeD groups are more similar to each other than to the control groups. Significant differences at OTU level suggest that specific bacterial taxa may be important for pathogenesis of CeD. Moreover, the predicted differences in gluten metabolism potential by the FDR and CeD microbiota point towards the need for investigating functional capabilities of specific bacterial taxa in healthy FDR and CeD patients.CeDCeliac diseaseDCDiseased controls (dyspeptic)FDRFirst degree relativesOTUOperational taxonomic unitPERMANOVAPermutational multivariate analysis of variancerRNARibosomal Ribonucleic acidPCoAPrincipal coordinates analysisCCACanonical correspondence analysis