PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Célia Alecki
AU  - Victoria Chiwara
AU  - Lionel A. Sanz
AU  - Daniel Grau
AU  - Osvaldo Arias Pérez
AU  - Karim-Jean Armache
AU  - Fréderic Chédin
AU  - Nicole J. Francis
TI  - RNA strand invasion activity of the Polycomb complex PRC2
AID  - 10.1101/635722
DP  - 2019 Jan 01
TA  - bioRxiv
PG  - 635722
4099  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2019/05/15/635722.short
4100  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2019/05/15/635722.full
AB  - Epigenetic regulation is conveyed through information encoded by specific chromatin features. Non-canonical nucleic acid structures could in principle also convey biological information but their role(s) in epigenetic regulation is not known. Polycomb Group (PcG) proteins form memory of transient transcriptional repression events that is necessary for development. In Drosophila, PcG proteins are recruited to specific DNA sequences, Polycomb Response Elements (PREs). PREs are switchable memory elements that can exist in repressed, active, or unengaged states 1,2. How PcG activities are targeted to PREs to maintain repressed states only in appropriate developmental contexts has been difficult to elucidate. Biochemically, PcG protein complexes modify chromatin to maintain gene repression 1,3,4. However, PcG proteins also interact with both RNA and DNA, and RNA is implicated in the targeting of PcG function. We find that R-loops, three-stranded nucleic acid structures formed when an RNA hybridizes to its complementary DNA and displaces the other DNA strand 5, form at many PREs in Drosophila embryos, and correlate with the repressive state. R-loops are recognized by the PcG complex PRC1 in vitro. Unexpectedly, we find that the PcG complex PRC2 has RNA strand invasion activity, which can drive formation of RNA-DNA hybrids, the key component of R-loops. Our results suggest a new mechanism for targeting PcG function through R-loop formation by PRC2 and recognition by PRC1. More generally, our findings suggest formation and recognition 6 of non-canonical nucleic acid structures as an epigenetic mechanism.