RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 50 Hz volumetric functional imaging with continuously adjustable depth of focus JF bioRxiv FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory SP 240069 DO 10.1101/240069 A1 Rongwen Lu A1 Masashi Tanimoto A1 Minoru Koyama A1 Na Ji YR 2017 UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2017/12/28/240069.abstract AB Understanding how neural circuits control behavior requires monitoring a large population of neurons with high spatial resolution and volume rate. Here we report an axicon-based Bessel beam module with continuously adjustable depth of focus (CADoF), which turns frame rate into volume rate by extending the excitation focus in axial direction while maintaining high lateral resolutions. Cost-effective and compact, this CADoF Bessel module can be easily integrated into existing two-photon fluorescence microscopes. Simply translating one of the relay lenses along its optical axis enabled continuous adjustment of the focal length. We used this module to simultaneously monitor activity of spinal projection neurons extending over 60 μm depth in larval zebrafish at 50 Hz volume rate with adjustable imaging thickness.