RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Selection following gene duplication shapes recent genome evolution in the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum JF bioRxiv FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory SP 643544 DO 10.1101/643544 A1 Rosa Fernández A1 Marina Marcet-Houben A1 Fabrice Legeai A1 Gautier Richard A1 Stéphanie Robin A1 Valentin Wucher A1 Cinta Pegueroles A1 Toni Gabaldón A1 Denis Tagu YR 2019 UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2019/05/20/643544.abstract AB Ecology of insects is as wide as their diversity, which reflects their high capacity of adaptation in most of the environments of our planet. Aphids, with over 4,000 species, have developed a series of adaptations including a high phenotypic plasticity, and the ability to feed on the phloem-sap of plants, which is enriched in sugars derived from photosynthesis. Recent analyses of aphid genomes have indicated a high level of shared ancestral gene duplications that might represent a basis for genetic innovation and broad adaptations. In addition, there is a large number of recent, species-specific gene duplications whose role in adaptation remains poorly understood. Here, we tested whether duplicates specific to the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum are related to genomic innovation by combining comparative genomics, transcriptomics, and chromatin accessibility analyses. Consistent with large levels of neofunctionalization, we found that most of the duplicated genes evolved asymmetrically, showing different positive selection and gene expression profiles. Genes under selection involved a plethora of biological functions, suggesting that neofunctionalization, tissue specificity and other evolutionary mechanisms have orchestrated the evolution of recent paralogs in the pea aphid.