PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Sara Molinari AU - David L. Shis AU - Shyam P. Bhakta AU - James Chappell AU - Oleg A. Igoshin AU - Matthew R. Bennett TI - A synthetic system for asymmetric cell division in <em>Escherichia coli</em> AID - 10.1101/436535 DP - 2019 Jan 01 TA - bioRxiv PG - 436535 4099 - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2019/06/10/436535.short 4100 - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2019/06/10/436535.full AB - We describe a synthetic genetic circuit for controlling asymmetric cell division in E. coli in which a progenitor cell creates a differentiated daughter cell while retaining its original phenotype. Specifically, we engineered an inducible system that can bind and segregate plasmid DNA to a single position in the cell. Upon cell division, co-localized plasmids are kept by one and only one of the daughter cells. The other daughter cell receives no plasmid DNA and is hence irreversibly differentiated from its sibling. In this way, we achieved asymmetric cell division through asymmetric plasmid partitioning. We then used this system to achieve physical separation of genetically distinct cells by tying motility to differentiation. Finally, we characterized an orthogonal inducible circuit that enables the simultaneous asymmetric partitioning of two plasmid species, resulting in cells that have four distinct differentiated states. These results point the way towards engineering multicellular systems from prokaryotic hosts.