PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Hélène Cecilia
AU  - Sandie Arnoux
AU  - Sébastien Picault
AU  - Ahmadou Dicko
AU  - Momar Talla Seck
AU  - Baba Sall
AU  - Mireille Bassène
AU  - Marc Vreysen
AU  - Soumaïla Pagabeleguem
AU  - Augustin Bancé
AU  - Jérémy Bouyer
AU  - Pauline Ezanno
TI  - Environmental heterogeneity drives tsetse fly population dynamics and control
AID  - 10.1101/493650
DP  - 2019 Jan 01
TA  - bioRxiv
PG  - 493650
4099  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2019/06/11/493650.short
4100  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2019/06/11/493650.full
AB  - A spatially and temporally heterogeneous environment may lead to unexpected population dynamics. Knowledge still is needed on which of the local environment properties favour population maintenance at larger scale. For pathogen vectors, such as tsetse flies transmitting human and animal African trypanosomosis, such a knowledge is crucial to design relevant management strategies. We developed an original mechanistic spatio-temporal model of tsetse fly population dynamics, accounting for combined effects of spatial complexity, density-dependence, and temperature on the age-structured population, and parametrized with field and laboratory data. We confirmed the strong impact of temperature and adult mortality on tsetse populations. We showed that the coldest cells with the smallest variations in temperature acted as refuges when adult mortality was homogeneously increased, control being less effective in such refuges. In contrast, optimizing control by targeting the cells contributing the most to population management resulted in a decline in population size with a similar efficacy, but resulted in more dispersed individuals, control efficacy being no longer related to temperature. Population resurgence after control was slow, but could be very high locally in refuges. Situations were highly contrasted after a heterogeneous control, refuges being located at the interface between controlled and uncontrolled zones. Our results highlighted the importance of baseline data collection to characterize the targeted ecosystem before any control measure is implemented.