PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Tao Wei
AU  - Suyong Choi
AU  - Darya Buehler
AU  - Alan C. Rapraeger
AU  - Richard A. Anderson
AU  - Paul F. Lambert
TI  - Role of IQGAP1 in Head and Neck Carcinogenesis
AID  - 10.1101/253484
DP  - 2018 Jan 01
TA  - bioRxiv
PG  - 253484
4099  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2018/01/24/253484.short
4100  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2018/01/24/253484.full
AB  - Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a common cancer in humans. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling, along with its downstream effector mTOR, is one of the most frequently altered pathways in HNSCC, and is downstream of growth factor signaling including that mediated by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which is also commonly upregulated in HNSCC. Recently, IQ motif-containing GTPase activation protein 1 (IQGAP1) has been reported to function as a scaffold for the enzymes involved in the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Iqgap1 gene expression is increased in human HNSCCs, raising the hypothesis that it acts as an oncogene in this cancer. Whether IQGAP1 is necessary for HNSCC development as well as what is its underlying mechanism are both unknown. Here we report on the role of IQGAP1 in HNSCC by performing a combination of in vitro studies using human cancer cell lines, and in vivo studies using a well-validated preclinical mouse model for HNSCC that is known to depend upon EGFR signaling. Cells knocked out for IQGAP1 lost AKT signaling. Disruption of IQGAP1-scaffolded PI3K/AKT signaling using a peptide that interferes with the ability of IQGAP1 to bind to PI3K reduced HNSCC cell survival. In vivo studies utilizing Iqgap1-null (Iqgap1-/-) mice demonstrated that IQGAP1 is necessary for efficient PI3K signaling upon EGF-stimulation. Treatment of Iqgap1-/- mice with the oral carcinogen, 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO), Iqgap1-/- led to significantly lower multiplicities of cancer foci as well as significantly lower numbers of high grade cancers than observed in similarly treated Iqgap1+/+ mice. IQGAP1 protein was increased in its expression in HNSCCs arising in the Iqgap1+/+ mice, consistent with that seen in human HNSCCs. We also observed a significant down-regulation of PI3K signaling in 4NQO-induced HNSCCs arising in the Iqgap1-/- mice, consistent with IQGAP1 contributing to carcinogenesis by promoting PI3K signaling. Our studies, therefore, support the hypothesis that IQGAP1 acts as an oncogene in head and neck carcinogenesis, and provide mechanistic insight into its role.