PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Gabrielle Devienne
AU  - Sandrine Picaud
AU  - Ivan Cohen
AU  - Juliette Piquet
AU  - Ludovic Tricoire
AU  - Damien Testa
AU  - Ariel A. Di Nardo
AU  - Jean Rossier
AU  - Bruno Cauli
AU  - Bertrand Lambolez
TI  - Regulation of perineuronal nets in the adult cortex by the electrical activity of parvalbumin interneurons
AID  - 10.1101/671719
DP  - 2019 Jan 01
TA  - bioRxiv
PG  - 671719
4099  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2019/06/17/671719.short
4100  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2019/06/17/671719.full
AB  - Perineuronal net (PNN) accumulation around parvalbumin-expressing (PV) inhibitory interneurons marks the closure of critical periods of high plasticity, whereas PNN removal reinstates juvenile plasticity in the adult cortex. Using targeted chemogenetic in vivo approaches in the adult mouse visual cortex, we found that transient electrical silencing of PV interneurons, directly or through inhibition of local excitatory neurons, induced PNN regression. Conversely, excitation of either neuron types did not reduce the PNN. We also observed that chemogenetically inhibited PV interneurons exhibited reduced PNN compared to their untransduced neighbors, and confirmed that single PV interneurons express multiple genes enabling cell-autonomous control of their own PNN density. Our results indicate that PNNs are dynamically regulated in the adult by PV neurons acting as sensors of their local microcircuit activities. PNN regulation provides individual PV neurons with an activity-dependent mechanism to control the local remodeling of adult cortical circuits.