PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Kaiming Tan
AU  - Gabriel B. Faierstein
AU  - Pingxi Xu
AU  - Rosângela M.R. Barbosa
AU  - Garrison K. Buss
AU  - Walter S. Leal
TI  - A popular Indian clove-based mosquito repellent is a false economy
AID  - 10.1101/689836
DP  - 2019 Jan 01
TA  - bioRxiv
PG  - 689836
4099  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2019/07/02/689836.short
4100  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2019/07/02/689836.full
AB  - Insect repellents are important prophylactic tools for travelers to and populations living in endemic areas of malaria, dengue, encephalitis, and other vector-borne diseases, and the first line of defense against emerging arboviruses. However, the cost of daily applications of even the most affordable and the gold standard of insect repellents, DEET, is still high for low-income populations where repellents are needed the most. An Indian clove-based homemade recipe has been presented as a panacea. We analyzed this homemade repellent and confirmed by behavioral measurements and odorant receptor responses that eugenol is the active ingredient in this formulation. Prepared as advertised, this homemade repellent is ineffective, whereas 5X more concentrated extracts from the brand most enriched in eugenol showed moderate repellency activity against Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti. DEET showed higher performance when compared to the 5X concentrated formulation and is available in the same market at a lower price than the cost of the ingredients to prepare the homemade formulation.