RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 The summary diagram of discovered host immunological pathways against different pathogens and its relation to hypersensitivities
JF bioRxiv
FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
SP 006965
DO 10.1101/006965
A1 Wan-chung Hu
YR 2018
UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2018/02/10/006965.abstract
AB The host immunological pathways are re-organized to get a clear picture. There are four acute immune responses: TH1/TH2/TH22/THαβ which are corresponding to four chronic immune responses: TH1Like/TH9/TH17/TH3. TH1/TH1like is immunity against intracellular bacteria or protozoa and is related to type4 delayed-type hypersensitivity. TH1 immunity includes M1 macrophage, CTL (Tc1/EM4), IFNg CD4 T cell, and IgG3 B cells. TH1Like immunity includes M2 macrophage, suppressive CTL(EM3), IFNg/TGFβ CD4 T cell, and IgA1 B cells. TH2/TH9 is immunity against helminthes and is related to type1 immediate allergy. TH2 immunity includes eosinophils(iEOS), mast cells, IL-4 CD4 T cells, and IgE/IgG4 B cells. TH9 immunity includes eosinophils (rEOS), basophils, IL-9 CD4 T cells, and IgA2 B cells. TH22/TH17 is immunity against extracellular bacteria or fungi and is related to type3 immune-complex hypersensitivity. TH22 immunity includes neutrophils(N1), IL-22 CD4 T cells, and IgG2 B cells. TH17 immunity include neutrophils(N2), IL-17 CD4 T cells, and IgA2 B cells. THαβ/TH3 is immunity against viruses and is related to type2 antibody dependent cytotoxic hypersensitivity. THαβ immunity includes stimulatory NK cells(NK1), CTL(Tc2/EM1), IL-10 CD4 T cells, and IgG1 B cells. TH3 immunity includes regulatory NK cells(NK2), suppressive CTL(EM2), IL-10/TGFβ CD4 T cells, and IgA1 B cells. THfh is the stimulatory pathway to initiate adaptive acute immunity. Another inhibitory pathway Treg is the key player to shift acute immune responses to chronic immune responses for generating milder cytokines and other immune mediators to avoid severe destruction of tissue-organ during chronic large scale infection. This 4x2+2 is the diagram of host immunological pathways.