TY - JOUR T1 - A unified role for membrane-cortex detachment during cell protrusion initiation JF - bioRxiv DO - 10.1101/696211 SP - 696211 AU - Erik S. Welf AU - Christopher E. Miles AU - Jaewon Huh AU - Meghan K. Driscoll AU - Tadamoto Isogai AU - Jungsik Noh AU - Andrew D. Weems AU - Joseph Chi AU - Theresa Pohlkamp AU - Kevin Dean AU - Reto Fiolka AU - Alex Mogilner AU - Gaudenz Danuser Y1 - 2019/01/01 UR - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2019/07/08/696211.abstract N2 - Cell morphogenesis employs a diversity of membrane protrusions. They are discriminated by differences in force generation. Actin polymerization is the best studied mechanism of force generation, but growing interest in how variable molecular conditions and microenvironments alter morphogenesis has revealed other mechanisms, including intracellular pressure. Here, we show that local depletion of membrane cortex links is an essential step in the initiation of both pressure-based and actin-based protrusions. This observation challenges the quarter-century old Brownian ratchet model of actin-driven membrane protrusion, which requires an optimal balance of actin filament growth and membrane tethering. An updated model confirms membrane-filament detachment is necessary to activate the ratchet mechanism. These findings unify the regulation of different protrusion types, explaining how cells generate robust yet flexible strategies of morphogenesis. ER -