PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Qiang Li
AU  - Kewang Nan
AU  - Paul Le Floch
AU  - Zuwan Lin
AU  - Hao Sheng
AU  - Jia Liu
TI  - Cyborg Organoids: Implantation of Nanoelectronics via Organogenesis for Tissue-Wide Electrophysiology
AID  - 10.1101/697664
DP  - 2019 Jan 01
TA  - bioRxiv
PG  - 697664
4099  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2019/07/10/697664.short
4100  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2019/07/10/697664.full
AB  - Tissue-wide electrophysiology with single-cell and millisecond spatiotemporal resolution is critical for heart and brain studies, yet issues arise from invasive, localized implantation of electronics that destructs the well-connected cellular networks within matured organs. Here, we report the creation of cyborg organoids: the three-dimensional (3D) assembly of soft, stretchable mesh nanoelectronics across the entire organoid by cell-cell attraction forces from 2D-to-3D tissue reconfiguration during organogenesis. We demonstrate that stretchable mesh nanoelectronics can grow into and migrate with the initial 2D cell layers to form the 3D structure with minimal interruptions to tissue growth and differentiation. The intimate contact of nanoelectronics to cells enables us to chronically and systematically observe the evolution, propagation and synchronization of the bursting dynamics in human cardiac organoids through their entire organogenesis.