RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 PET by MRI: Glucose Imaging by 13C-MRS without Dynamic Nuclear Polarization by Noise Suppression through Tensor Decomposition Rank Reduction JF bioRxiv FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory SP 265793 DO 10.1101/265793 A1 Jeffrey R. Brender A1 Shun Kishimoto A1 Hellmut Merkle A1 Galen Reed A1 Ralph E. Hurd A1 Albert P. Chen A1 Jan Henrik Ardenkjaer-Larsen A1 Jeeva Munasinghe A1 Keita Saito A1 Tomohiro Seki A1 Nobu Oshima A1 Kazu Yamamoto A1 Peter L. Choyke A1 James Mitchell A1 Murali C. Krishna YR 2018 UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2018/02/15/265793.abstract AB Metabolic reprogramming is one of the defining features of cancer and abnormal metabolism is associated with many other pathologies. Molecular imaging techniques capable of detecting such changes have become essential for cancer diagnosis, treatment planning, and surveillance. In particular, 18F-FDG (fluorodeoxyglucose) PET has emerged as an essential imaging modality for cancer because of its unique ability to detect a disturbed molecular pathway through measurements of glucose uptake. However, FDG-PET has limitations that restrict its usefulness in certain situations and the information gained is limited to glucose uptake only. 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy theoretically has certain advantages over FDG-PET, but its inherent low sensitivity has restricted its use mostly to single voxel measurements. We show here a new method of imaging glucose metabolism in vivo that relies on a simple, but robust and efficient, post-processing procedure by the higher dimensional analog of singular value decomposition, tensor decomposition. Using this procedure, we achieve an order of magnitude increase in signal to noise in both dDNP and non-hyperpolarized non-localized experiments without sacrificing accuracy. In CSI experiments an approximately 30-fold increase was observed, enough that the glucose to lactate conversion indicative of the Warburg effect can be imaged without hyper-polarization with a time resolution of 12 s and an overall spatial resolution that compares favorably to 18F-FDG PET.