PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Raja Babu S. Kushwah
AU  - Taranjeet Kaur
AU  - Cherry L. Dykes
AU  - Ravi H. Kumar
AU  - Neera Kapoor
AU  - Om P. Singh
TI  - A new knockdown resistance (<em>kdr</em>) mutation F1534L in <em>Aedes aegypti</em> associated with insecticide resistance
AID  - 10.1101/740829
DP  - 2019 Jan 01
TA  - bioRxiv
PG  - 740829
4099  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2019/08/21/740829.short
4100  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2019/08/21/740829.full
AB  - The control of Aedes aegypti borne-infections mainly dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever and Zika virus relies mainly on vector control measures in the absence of specific drugs or vaccines available against these infections. Emergence of insecticide resistance in Ae. aegypti may pose serious threat to the success of insecticide-based vector control programme. Here, we report the presence of multiple knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations present in an Indian Ae. aegypti population including a new mutation F1534L (not reported earlier in Ae. aegypti) which is associated with DDT and pyrethroid resistance. DNA sequencing of partial domain II, III and IV of the voltage gated sodium channel (VGSC) performed on Ae. aegypti collected from Bengaluru, India, revealed the presence of four kdr mutations, i.e., V1016G and S989P in domain II and two alternative kdr mutations F1534C and F1534L in domain III. Allele specific PCR assays (ASPCR) were developed for the detection of kdr mutations V1016G and S989P while a PCR-RFLP based strategy was adopted for the genotyping of all three known mutations in domain III (F1534L, F1534C and T1520I). Genotyping of 572 Ae. aegypti samples collected in 2014 and 2015 revealed a moderate frequency of V1016G/S989P (18.27%) and F1534L (17.48%), a relatively high frequency of F1534C (50.61%) and absence of T1520I in the population. Mutations V1016G and S989P were in complete linkage disequilibrium while they were having negative linkage disequilibrium with kdr alleles F1534C and F1534L. The new mutation F1534L showed significant protection against permethrin, deltamethrin and DDT whereas F1534C showed protection against permethrin and DDT but not against deltamethrin.