RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Cancer/Testis Antigens Differentially Expressed in Prostate Cancer: Potential New Biomarkers and Targets for Immunotherapies JF bioRxiv FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory SP 646869 DO 10.1101/646869 A1 Luciane T. Kagohara A1 Neil M. Carleton A1 Sayuri Takahashi A1 Takumi Shiraishi A1 Steven M. Mooney A1 Robert L. Vessella A1 Robert H. Getzenberg A1 Prakash Kulkarni A1 Robert W. Veltri YR 2019 UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2019/08/22/646869.abstract AB Current clinical tests for prostate cancer (PCa), such as the PSA test, are not fully capable of discerning patients that are highly likely to develop metastatic prostate cancer (MPCa). Hence, more accurate prediction tools are needed to provide treatment strategies that are focused on the different risk groups. Cancer/testis antigens (CTAs) are expressed during embryonic development and present aberrant expression in cancer making them ideal tumor specific biomarkers. Here, the potential use of a panel of CTAs as a biomarker for PCa detection as well as metastasis prediction is explored. We initially identified eight CTAs (CEP55, NUF2, PAGE4, PBK, RQCD1, SPAG4, SSX2 and TTK) that are differentially expressed in MPCa when compared to local disease and used this panel to compare the gene and protein expression profiles in paired PCa and normal adjacent prostate tissue. We identified differential expression of all eight CTAs at the protein level when comparing 80 paired samples of PCa and the adjacent non-cancer tissue. Using multiple logistic regression we also show that a panel of these CTAs present high accuracy to discriminate normal from tumor samples. In summary, this study provides evidence that a panel of CTAs, differentially expressed in aggressive PCa, is a potential biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis to be used in combination with the current clinically available tools and is also a potential target for immunotherapy development.