RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Dendritic calcium signals in rhesus macaque motor cortex drive an optical brain-computer interface
JF bioRxiv
FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
SP 780486
DO 10.1101/780486
A1 Eric M. Trautmann
A1 Daniel J. O’Shea
A1 Xulu Sun
A1 James H. Marshel
A1 Ailey Crow
A1 Brian Hsueh
A1 Sam Vesuna
A1 Lucas Cofer
A1 Gergő Bohner
A1 Will Allen
A1 Isaac Kauvar
A1 Sean Quirin
A1 Matthew MacDougall
A1 Yuzhi Chen
A1 Matthew P. Whitmire
A1 Charu Ramakrishnan
A1 Maneesh Sahani
A1 Eyal Seidemann
A1 Stephen I. Ryu
A1 Karl Deisseroth
A1 Krishna V. Shenoy
YR 2019
UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2019/09/26/780486.abstract
AB Calcium imaging has rapidly developed into a powerful tool for recording from large populations of neurons in vivo. Imaging in rhesus macaque motor cortex can enable the discovery of new principles of motor cortical function and can inform the design of next generation brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). Surface two-photon (2P) imaging, however, cannot presently access somatic calcium signals of neurons from all layers of macaque motor cortex due to photon scattering. Here, we demonstrate an implant and imaging system capable of chronic, motion-stabilized two-photon (2P) imaging of calcium signals from in macaques engaged in a motor task. By imaging apical dendrites, some of which originated from deep layer 5 neurons, as as well as superficial cell bodies, we achieved optical access to large populations of deep and superficial cortical neurons across dorsal premotor (PMd) and gyral primary motor (M1) cortices. Dendritic signals from individual neurons displayed tuning for different directions of arm movement, which was stable across many weeks. Combining several technical advances, we developed an optical BCI (oBCI) driven by these dendritic signals and successfully decoded movement direction online. By fusing 2P functional imaging with CLARITY volumetric imaging, we verify that an imaged dendrite, which contributed to oBCI decoding, originated from a putative Betz cell in motor cortical layer 5. This approach establishes new opportunities for studying motor control and designing BCIs.