RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 The roles of hox 13 genes in newt limb development and regeneration JF bioRxiv FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory SP 789180 DO 10.1101/789180 A1 Takashi Takeuchi A1 Fumina Minamitani A1 Kazuki Koriyama A1 Yukio Satoh A1 Ken-ichi Suzuki A1 Shuji Shigenobu A1 Takeshi Inoue A1 Kiyokazu Agata A1 Toshinori Hayashi YR 2019 UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2019/10/01/789180.abstract AB Posterior Hox genes play crucial roles in limb development and specify regions in the proximal-distal (PD) axis of limbs. However, there is no direct genetic evidence that Hox genes are essential for limb regeneration. Moreover, if essential, it is totally unknown which Hox genes have the same or distinct functions between development and regeneration. Here, we mutated hox13 using an efficient CRISPR/Cas9 system in newts (Pleurodeles waltl), which have strong regenerative capacities in various tissues. Triple or double mutants of hox13 paralogs lost their digit and metacarpal/metatarsal bones. Limb regeneration progressed but regenerates lacked the same autopod region. These results showed that hox13 paralogs have the same functions in limb development and regeneration.