RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Relationship between spiking activity and simultaneously recorded fluorescence signals in transgenic mice expressing GCaMP6 JF bioRxiv FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory SP 788802 DO 10.1101/788802 A1 Lawrence Huang A1 Ulf Knoblich A1 Peter Ledochowitsch A1 Jérôme Lecoq A1 R. Clay Reid A1 Saskia E. J. de Vries A1 Michael A. Buice A1 Gabe J. Murphy A1 Jack Waters A1 Christof Koch A1 Hongkui Zeng A1 Lu Li YR 2019 UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2019/10/01/788802.abstract AB Two-photon calcium imaging is often used with genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) to investigate neural dynamics, but the relationship between fluorescence and action potentials (spikes) remains unclear. Pioneering work linked electrophysiology and calcium imaging in vivo with viral GECI expression, albeit in a small number of cells. Here we characterized the spike-fluorescence transfer function in vivo of 91 layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons in primary visual cortex in four transgenic mouse lines expressing GCaMP6s or GCaMP6f. We found that GCaMP6s cells have spike-triggered fluorescence responses of larger amplitude, lower variability and greater single-spike detectability than GCaMP6f cells. Single spike detection rates differed substantially across neurons in each line. They declined from ∼40-90% at 5% false positive rate under high-resolution imaging to ∼10-15% when imaging hundreds of neurons across a larger field of view. Our dataset thus provides quantitative insights to support more refined inference of neuronal activity from calcium imaging data.