RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Phylogeny and Multiple Independent Whole-Genome Duplication Events in the Brassicales JF bioRxiv FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory SP 789040 DO 10.1101/789040 A1 Makenzie E. Mabry A1 Julia M. Brose A1 Paul D. Blischak A1 Brittany Sutherland A1 Wade T. Dismukes A1 Christopher A. Bottoms A1 Patrick P. Edger A1 Jacob D. Washburn A1 Hong An A1 Jocelyn C. Hall A1 Michael R. McKain A1 Ihsan Al-Shehbaz A1 Michael S. Barker A1 M. Eric Schranz A1 Gavin C. Conant A1 J. Chris Pires YR 2019 UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2019/10/01/789040.abstract AB Whole-genome duplications (WGDs) are prevalent throughout the evolutionary history of plants. For example, dozens of WGDs have been phylogenetically localized across the order Brassicales, specifically, within the family Brassicaceae. However, while its sister family, Cleomaceae, has also been characterized by a WGD, its placement, as well as that of other WGD events in other families in the order, remains unclear. Using phylo-transcriptomics from 74 taxa and genome survey sequencing for 66 of those taxa, we infer nuclear and chloroplast phylogenies to assess relationships among the major families of the Brassicales and within the Brassicaceae. We then use multiple methods of WGD inference to assess placement of WGD events. We not only present well-supported chloroplast and nuclear phylogenies for the Brassicales, but we also putatively place Th-α and provide evidence for previously unknown events, including one shared by at least two members of the Resedaceae, which we name Rs-α. Given its economic importance and many genomic resources, the Brassicales are an ideal group to continue assessing WGD inference methods. We add to the current conversation on WGD inference difficulties, by demonstrating that sampling is especially important for WGD identification.