RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Bidirectional modulation of human emotional conflict resolution using intracranial stimulation
JF bioRxiv
FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
SP 825893
DO 10.1101/825893
A1 Angelique C. Paulk
A1 Ali Yousefi
A1 Kristen K. Ellard
A1 Kara Farnes
A1 Noam Peled
A1 Britni Crocker
A1 Rina Zelmann
A1 Deborah Vallejo-Lopez
A1 Gavin Belok
A1 Sam Zorowitz
A1 Ishita Basu
A1 Afsana Afzal
A1 Anna Gilmour
A1 Daniel S. Weisholtz
A1 G. Reese Cosgrove
A1 Bernard S. Chang
A1 Jeffrey E. Arle
A1 Ziv M. Williams
A1 Uri T. Eden
A1 Thilo Deckersbach
A1 Darin D. Dougherty
A1 Emad N. Eskandar
A1 Alik S. Widge
A1 Sydney S. Cash
YR 2019
UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2019/10/31/825893.abstract
AB The ability to regulate emotions in the service of meeting ongoing goals and task demands is a key aspect of adaptive human behavior in our volatile social world. Consequently, difficulties in processing and responding to emotional stimuli underlie many psychiatric diseases ranging from depression to anxiety, the common thread being effects on behavior. Behavior, which is made up of shifting, difficult to measure hidden states such as attention and emotion reactivity, is a product of integrating external input and latent mental processes. Directly measuring, and differentiating, separable hidden cognitive, emotional, and attentional states contributing to emotion conflict resolution, however, is challenging, particularly when only using task-relevant behavioral measures such as reaction time. State-space representations are a powerful method for investigating hidden states underlying complex systems. Using state-space modeling of behavior, we identified relevant hidden cognitive states and predicted behavior in a standardized emotion regulation task. After identifying and validating models which best fit the behavior and narrowing our focus to one model, we used targeted intracranial stimulation of the emotion regulation-relevant neurocircuitry, including prefrontal structures and the amygdala, to causally modulate separable states. Finally, we focused on this one validated state-space model to perform real-time, bidirectional closed-loop adaptive stimulation in a subset of participants. These approaches enable an improved understanding of how to sample and understand emotional processing in a way which could be leveraged in neuromodulatory therapy for disorders of emotional regulation.