Regular ArticleDisruption of Circadian Rhythms in Synaptic Activity of the Suprachiasmatic Nuclei by African Trypanosomes and Cytokines
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2019, Brain Research BulletinCitation Excerpt :More specific, the excitatory synaptic events are reduced in frequency, while the inhibitory synaptic events do not change, which further indicates selective disturbances in glutamate receptor-mediated neurotransmission in the SCN. Treatment of SCN slices with IFN-γ in combination with TNF-α and LPS, which have synergistic effects (Paludan, 2000), causes a similar reduction in excitatory synaptic SCN activity and blunting of the peaks (Lundkvist et al., 2002). Long-term exposure (4 weeks) of IFN-γ alone to dispersed SCN cell cultures, entrained to temperature cycles, causes a less active and more irregular spiking pattern, and reduced (Per1) amplitude, while the free-running period is maintained (Kwak et al., 2008).
The potential use of melatonin to treat protozoan parasitic infections: A review
2018, Biomedicine and PharmacotherapyCitation Excerpt :The relative deficiency of melatonin may be a contributing factor to the severity of T.b. brucei infection. Because of mmune modulatory effects, this molecule may be useful as an alternative therapy to T.b. brucei infection [66,67]. Malaria infection, due to a protozoan parasite, and the species responsible for vertebrate infection are: P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae, P. ovale, P. knowlesi being P. falciparum, a highly deadly one [68].
Circadian Clock Proteins and Immunity
2014, ImmunityCitation Excerpt :As discussed above, the clock can impact the inflammatory process in a number of ways. In a reciprocal fashion, inflammation induced by agents such as LPS, TNF-α, and IFN-γ (Cavadini et al., 2007; Kwak et al., 2008; Lundkvist et al., 2002; Marpegán et al., 2005; Okada et al., 2008) or acute bacterial infection (Bellet et al., 2013) can affect the circadian clock. The oscillations in the clock genes can be disrupted with inflammation and infection, with effects on the expression of core clock genes and clock-controlled genes, including clock-controlled metabolic genes being reported (Bellet et al., 2013).
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