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Mitochondrial Mechanisms of Degeneration and Repair in Parkinson's Disease pp 25–47Cite as

Dopamine Metabolism and Reactive Oxygen Species Production

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Abstract

The catecholamine dopamine is a neurotransmitter involved in movement control; it is mainly produced in the adrenal glands and the brain. In the latter, a large number of dopaminergic neurons can be found in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The specific degeneration of neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta causes rigidity, tremor, and bradykinesia, all of which are hallmark symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. One of the potential molecular factors that might induce the loss of dopaminergic neurons is an elevated level of reactive oxygen species which causes cell damage over time. Dopaminergic neurons are especially prone to ROS production, since dopamine, as well as its precursors and downstream metabolites, is readily oxidized enzymatically or via autoxidation. In this chapter we will describe how dopamine metabolism and reactive oxygen species are linked and show possible consequences of excessive ROS production and how dopaminergic neurons can react to this stress.

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Abbreviations

AADC:

Aromatic amino acid decarboxylase

ALDH:

Aldehyde dehydrogenase

ANLSH:

Astrocyte–neuron lactate shuttle hypothesis

ApN:

Aminopeptidase N

BBB:

Blood–brain barrier

BH4:

Tetrahydrobiopterin

CA:

Catecholamine

COMT:

Catechol-O-methyltransferase

DA:

Dopamine

DAB:

Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase

DAT:

Dopamine transporter

DHPR:

Dihydropteridine reductase

DOPAC:

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid

DOPAL:

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylaldehyde

DOPET:

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylethanol

DT Diaphorase:

NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase

E:

Epinephrine

GPx:

Glutathione peroxidase

GR:

Glutathione reductase

GSH:

Reduced glutathione

GSSG:

Oxidized glutathione

HVA:

Homovanillic acid

l-DOPA:

l-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine

MAO:

Monoamine oxidase

MCT:

Monocarboxylate transporter

NE:

Norepinephrine

NM:

Neuromelanin

NO:

Nitric oxide

NOS:

Nitric oxide synthase

PD:

Parkinson’s disease

PNMT:

Phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase

PST:

Phenylsulfotransferase

PTP:

Permeability transition pore

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SN:

Substantia nigra

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

TCA:

Tricarboxylic acid

TH:

Tyrosine hydroxylase

UGT:

Uridine diphosphoglucuronosyltransferases

VMAT2:

Vesicular monoamine transporter 2

γ-GT:

Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase

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Funding

This project was supported by the Fonds National de la Recherche (FNR) Luxembourg (ATTRACT A10/03, THActivity CORE and AFR 5782260).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, 7, avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch-sur-Alzette, 4362, Luxembourg

    Sylvie Delcambre Ph.D., Yannic Nonnenmacher M.Sc. & Karsten Hiller Ph.D.

Authors
  1. Sylvie Delcambre Ph.D.
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  2. Yannic Nonnenmacher M.Sc.
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  3. Karsten Hiller Ph.D.
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Karsten Hiller Ph.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. College of Health Sciences, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona, USA

    Lori M. Buhlman

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Delcambre, S., Nonnenmacher, Y., Hiller, K. (2016). Dopamine Metabolism and Reactive Oxygen Species Production. In: Buhlman, L. (eds) Mitochondrial Mechanisms of Degeneration and Repair in Parkinson's Disease. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42139-1_2

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