Abstract
From rat hippocampal homogenate, we recently isolated a novel subcellular fraction richly containing glial plasmalemmal vesicles (GPV), which takes up glutamate remarkably as a synaptosomal fraction [Y. Nakamura et al. (1993) Glia, 9, 48–56]. In the present study, we prepared GPV from different regions of rat CNS, namely olfactory bulb (Ob), cerebral cortex (Cx), caudatoputamen (Cp), hippocampus (Hp), cerebellum (Ce) and spinal cord (Sc), and analyzed their activities of Na+-dependent uptake of following neurotransmitters and a related compound; glutamate, γ-aminobutyrate (GABA), glycine, dopamine and choline. The uptake activities of these amino acids were not significantly different between GPV and synaptosomes in each region. Regionally, however, the activities were varied considerably. The activities of glutamate uptake revealed in the following rank order: Cx, Hp, Cp>Ce, Ob>Sc. GABA uptake activities were: Ce>Ob, Cx, Hp>Cp, while glycine uptake activities were: Sc, Ce>Ob, Cp, Cx, Hp. On the other hand, the uptake activities of dopamine and choline were quite different between GPV and synaptosomes. Synaptosomal fraction from Cp took up dopamine in a high activity; however, GPV from the same tissue hardly showed the uptake activity. Choline was taken up by synaptosomes prepared from Hp but not by GPV.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Barres, B. A., Chun, L. L. Y., and Corey, D. P. 1990. Ion channels in vertebrate glia. Annu. Rev. Neurosci., 13:441–474.
Kimelberg, H. K., (ed.) Glial Cell Receptors. 1988, Raven Press, New York.
Whittaker, V. P., and Barker, L. A. 1972. The subcellular fractionation of brain tissue with special reference to the preparation synaptosomes and their component organelles. Pages 1–52,in Fried, R. (ed.), Methods of Neurochemistry vol. 2, Marcel Dekker, New York.
Nakamura, Y., Iga, K., Shibata, T., Shudo, M., and Kataoka, K. 1993. Glial plasmalemmal vesicles: a subcellular fraction from rat hippocampal homogenate distinct from synaptosomes. Glia 9:48–56.
Bradford, M. M. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantification of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal. Biochem. 72:248–254.
Divac, I., Fonnum, F., and Storm-Mathisen, J. 1977. High affinity uptake of glutamate in terminals of corticostriatal axons. Nature 266:377–378.
Balcom, G. J., Lenox, R. H., and Meyerhoff, J. L. 1976. Regional glutamate levels in rat brain determined after microwave fixation. J. Neurochem. 26:423–425.
Okada, K., Nitsh-Hassler, C., Kim, J. S., Bak, I. J., and Hassler, R. 1971. Role of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the extrapyramidal system. 1. Regional distribution of GABA in rabbit, rat, guinea pig and baboon CNS. Exp. Brain Res. 13:514–518.
Balcom, G. J., Lenox, R. H., and Meyerhoff, J. L. 1975. Regional g-aminobutyric acid levels in rat brain determined after microwave fixation. J. Neurochem. 24:609–613.
Shank, R. P., and Aprison, M. H. 1970. The metabolism in vivo of glycine and serine in eight areas of the rat central nervous system. J. Neurochem. 17:1416–1475.
Hertz, L. 1979. Functional interactions between neurons and astrocytes. I. Turnover and metabolism of putative amino acid transmitters. Progr. Neurobiol., 13:277–323.
Kimelberg, H. K., and Katz, D. M. 1986. Regional differences in 5-hydroxytryptamine and catecholamine uptake in primary astrocyte cultures. J. Neurochem. 47:1647–1652.
Drejer, J., Larsson, O. M., and Schousboe, A. 1982. Charaterization of L-glutamate uptake and release from astrocytes and neurons cultured from different brain regions. Exp. Brain Res. 47:259–269.
Amundson, E. H., Goderie, S. K., and Kimerberg, H. K. 1992. Uptake of [3H]glutamate by primary astrocytes cultures. II. Differences in cultures prepared from different brain regions. Glia 6:9–18.
Kim, J. S., Bak, I. J., Hassler, R., and Okada, Y. 1971. Role of γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) in the extrapyramidal motor system. 2. Some evidence for the existence of a type of GABA-rich strio-nigral neurons. Exp. Brain Res. 14:95–104.
Aprison, M. J., and Nadi, N. S. 1978. Glycine: Inhibition from sacrum to the medulla. pages 531–570,in Fonnum, F. (ed.), Amino acids as chemical transmitters, Plenum Press: New York.
Wilkin, G. P., Dennison-Cavanagh, M., Fletcher, A., and Bowery, N. 1990. Electron microscopic autoradiographic studies on [3H]glycine uptake in spinal cord and cerebellum. Pages 265–280,in Ottersen, O. P. and Storm-Mathisen, J. (eds), Glycine Neurotransmission, John Wiley & Son, New York.
Kleckner, N. W., and Dingledine, R. 1988. Requirement for glycine in activation of NMDA-receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Science 241:835–837.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Nakamura, Y., Kubo, H. & Kataoka, K. Uptake of transmitter amino acids by glial plasmalemmal vesicles from different regions of rat central nervous system. Neurochem Res 19, 1145–1150 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00965148
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00965148