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Molecular dialogue between the human gut microbiota and the host: a Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium perspective

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Abstract

The human gut represents a highly complex ecosystem, which is densely colonized by a myriad of microorganisms that influence the physiology, immune function and health status of the host. Among the many members of the human gut microbiota, there are microorganisms that have co-evolved with their host and that are believed to exert health-promoting or probiotic effects. Probiotic bacteria isolated from the gut and other environments are commercially exploited, and although there is a growing list of health benefits provided by the consumption of such probiotics, their precise mechanisms of action have essentially remained elusive. Genomics approaches have provided exciting new opportunities for the identification of probiotic effector molecules that elicit specific responses to influence the physiology and immune function of their human host. In this review, we describe the current understanding of the intriguing relationships that exist between the human gut and key members of the gut microbiota such as bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, discussed here as prototypical groups of probiotic microorganisms.

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Acknowledgments

This work was financially supported by the Cariparma Bank Foundation to M.V., and by a FEMS Advanced Fellowship 2011 and an IRCSET Embark postdoctoral fellowship to F.T. This work was also financially supported by a PhD fellowship (Spinner 2013, Regione Emilia Romagna) to S.D. D.v.S., M.O.C.M., P.W.O.T., and L.F.B. are members of The Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre; D.v.S. is also a member of the Alimentary Glycoscience Research Cluster, both funded by Science Foundation Ireland (SFI), through the Irish Government’s National Development Plan (Grant numbers 07/CE/B1368 and 08/SRC/B1393, respectively). M.O.C.M. is the recipient of a HRB postdoctoral fellowship (Grant No. PDTM/20011/9).

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  1. Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, Department of Microbiology Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Western Road, Cork, Ireland

    Francesca Turroni, Ludovica F. Buttó, Paul W. O’Toole, Mary O’Connell Motherway & Douwe van Sinderen

  2. Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Genetics, Biology of Microorganisms, Anthropology and Evolution, University of Parma, Parma, Italy

    Marco Ventura & Sabrina Duranti

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  1. Francesca Turroni
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Correspondence to Douwe van Sinderen.

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Turroni, F., Ventura, M., Buttó, L.F. et al. Molecular dialogue between the human gut microbiota and the host: a Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium perspective. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 71, 183–203 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-013-1318-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-013-1318-0

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