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Regulation of oligodendrocyte precursor migration during development, in adulthood and in pathology

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Abstract

Oligodendrocytes are the myelin-forming cells in the central nervous system (CNS). These cells originate from oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) during development, and they migrate extensively from oligodendrogliogenic niches along the neural tube to colonise the entire CNS. Like many other such events, this migratory process is precisely regulated by a battery of positional and signalling cues that act via their corresponding receptors and that are expressed dynamically by OPCs. Here, we will review the cellular and molecular basis of this important event during embryonic and postnatal development, and we will discuss the relevance of the substantial number of OPCs existing in the adult CNS. Similarly, we will consider the behaviour of OPCs in normal and pathological conditions, especially in animal models of demyelination and of the demyelinating disease, multiple sclerosis. The spontaneous remyelination observed after damage in demyelinating pathologies has a limited effect. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the biology of OPCs, particularly adult OPCs, should help in the design of neuroregenerative strategies to combat multiple sclerosis and other demyelinating diseases.

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Acknowledgments

Our work at the GNDe was and/or is supported by grants from the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad-MINECO (SAF2009-07842, ADE10-0010, SAF2012-40023, RD07-0060-2007, and RD12-0032-12, partially co-financed by F.E.D.E.R.; European Union, “Una manera de hacer Europa”), the Fundación Eugenio Rodríguez Pascual (Spain), and the Fondation ARSEP (France) to F.dC. F.dC is a senior researcher at SESCAM. A.B. holds a postdoctoral contract with the “Sara Borrell” program from the FIS-ISCIII/Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad-MINECO. M.C.O. held a pre-doctoral fellowship from the Gobierno de Castilla-La Mancha (FISCAM MOV2007-JI/20), was employed under RD07-0060-2007 and is currently supported by the grant from the Fondation ARSEP.

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  1. Grupo de Neurobiología del Desarrollo-GNDe, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos-SESCAM, Finca “La Peraleda” s/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain

    Fernando de Castro, Ana Bribián & Mª Cristina Ortega

  2. Instituto de Bioingeniería de Cataluña, Universidad de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain

    Ana Bribián

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  1. Fernando de Castro
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  2. Ana Bribián
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  3. Mª Cristina Ortega
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Correspondence to Fernando de Castro.

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de Castro, F., Bribián, A. & Ortega, M.C. Regulation of oligodendrocyte precursor migration during development, in adulthood and in pathology. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 70, 4355–4368 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-013-1365-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-013-1365-6

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