Abstract
Establishment of vertebrate left–right asymmetry is a critical process for normal embryonic development. After the discovery of genes expressed asymmetrically along the left–right axis in chick embryos in the mid 1990s, the molecular mechanisms responsible for left–right patterning in vertebrate embryos have been studied extensively. In this review article, we discuss the mechanisms by which the initial symmetry along the left–right axis is broken in the mouse embryo. We focus on the role of primary cilia and molecular mechanisms of ciliogenesis at the node when symmetry is broken and left–right asymmetry is established. The node is considered a signaling center for early mouse embryonic development, and the results we review here have led to a better understanding of how the node functions and establishes left–right asymmetry.
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Acknowledgments
We apologize to colleagues whose work we could not discuss due to the space limitations. We sincerely thank Drs. Lee Niswander, Jeremy Reiter, and Vesa Kaartinen for discussion; and Drs. William Shawlot, Artiom Gruzdev, Sudha Rajderkar, Gregory Scott, and Manas Ray for critical reading of this manuscript; and Drs. Judith Connett and Rachel Miller for editing. This study is supported by the National Institutes of Health (K99DE021054 to Y.K. and R01DE020843 to Y.M.).
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Komatsu, Y., Mishina, Y. Establishment of left–right asymmetry in vertebrate development: the node in mouse embryos. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 70, 4659–4666 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-013-1399-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-013-1399-9